Arthur, L. M. & Daniel, T. C. (1974). Effect of pictures-word transfer on accuracy and latency of recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, 211-215.

Temporal parameters of recognition memory for pictures and words were investigated in a reaction time experiment. Dark-adapted Ss self-initiated 250-msec. exposures of arrays containing eight different stimuli - either pictorial silhouettes or corresponding block-lettered verbal labels - in the peripheral cells of a 3 x 3 grid. Following every array and a subsequent 3-sec. delay interval, a test item - again, either a four-letter word or a picture - appeared in the center grid square for 250 msec. By quickly pressing a yes or no button, Ss indicated whether the test item had been present or absent in the preceding array. Each S served under all of the following conditions: word array - word test, picture - picture, picture - word, and word - picture. Order of presentation was completely randomized for each S. Analyses of both accuracy and reaction time data revealed interactions between mode of presentation, mode of test and decision strategy. Such results may be partially dependent on ability to form a visual memory image of the array, though further active encoding processes may be responsible for subsequent disruption of that image.