Bahrick, H. P. & Bahrick, P. (1971). Independence of verbal and visual codes of the same stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 91 (2), 344-346.

This study determines the relation between accuracy of visual recognition of previously exposed object drawings and probability of correct verbal recognition of the object names on a multiple-choice test. The results indicate that performance on the visual and verbal tests is uncorrelated. It is concluded that organizational class characteristics of visual storage do mediate verbal recognition, but that retention of these class characteristics is uncorrelated with retention of the item-specific aspects of visual storage needed for accurate visual recognition.