Cohen, R. L. (1966). Effect of verbal labels on the recall of a visually perceived simple figure: recognition vs reproduction. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 23, 859-862.

An experiment is reported in which the distortion effects found in the recall of a visually perceived figure, which had been presented together with a verbal label, were confined to one dimension of the figure. This made possible the direct measurement of the effect in physical units and aloso the use of recognition as a method of recall. It was found that the method of recall, i.e., reproduction or recognition, made little or no difference to the amount of distortion produced.