Fischler, I. & Puff, C. R. (1971). Organization in free recall with verbal and pictorial modes of input and output. Psychonomic Science, 22(2), 85-87.

A list of 16 concrete nouns was presented as words or as simple drawing. The Ss either wrote the verbal labels for recalled items or drew simple pictures of them. The results revealed no effects of mode of input or output upon ease of recall. However, more intertrial organization was observed with word-presentation groups, and in later trials, with word recall.