Ammons, D. N., King, J. C. & Yeric, J. L. (1988). Unapproved imagemakers: Political cartoonists' topic selection, objectives and perceived restrictions. Newspaper Research Journal, 9(3), 79-90.

Editorial cartoonists and editorial page editors at 169 major U.S. dailies have differing views on the objectives of editorial cartoons and the appropriateness of editorial independence for cartoonists. Differences - including demographics, the self-ascribed politicial orientations of cartoonists and editors, and the orientations they perceive in their colleagues and audiences - are examined as explanations for varying views of the purpose of editorial cartoons and the role of those who produce them.