Fleming, M. L. (1977). The picture in your mind. AV Communication Review, 25(1), 43-62.

«Summary. Discussed throughout have been several theoretical issues. What is particularly important about these theories for the media professional is that, in contrast to other learning theories, e.g. reinforcement, they address the basic pictorial vs. verbal characteristics of media and provide a beginning framework for understanding how these influence learning.

The intent of this article has been to establish and extend interest in imagery research among media researchers and practitioners. The following conclusions and observations seem pertinent to this intent and justified by the foregoing introduction to the imagery literature.

  1. Imagery theory provides some relatively basic ways to conceive and investigate the effects of instructional media, both verbal and pictorial, particularly with reference to the cognitive "fate" of these stimuli as they are processed, stored, recalled, and used by the learner.
  2. Imagery processes are currently being intesnively investigated, but are as yet only partially understood. Evidence to date implicates them most focally in memory tasks, but suggests they may also function importantly in concept learning, problem solving, and thinking.
  3. Imagery research and theory is still controversial, and definitive research into the basic cognitive role(s) of imagery is difficult to operationalize and control. Nonetheless, study-by-study and bit-by-bit a coherent and respectable pattern is beginning to emerge.
  4. The potential consequences of imagery concepts for instructional media research and practice are far reaching, in my judgment.» (p. 60)